German born pianist, conductor and composer (September 15, 1876, Berlin, Germany - February 17, 1962, Beverly Hills, California, USA). Moved to Austria, then France, then settled in the US in 1939. He has led such orchestras as Vienna State Opera, Bavarian State Opera, Deutschen Oper Berlin, Gewandhausorchester Leipzig, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Los Angeles Philharmonic, ... He also collaborated closely with Gustav Mahler, and was friend with German writer Thomas Mann.